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Meniscus tears are detected by examination, and the treatment is meniscus surgery. What is Meniscus Surgery? The meniscus is a fibrous cartilage-like structure found in the knee joint structure. Its task is to ensure the harmony of the joint surfaces and to maintain stability. In cases where the limits of joint movement are forced (excessive stretching and rotational movement), it tears. There are two meniscus structures, outer and inner, in the knee. One is a crescent (inner) and firmly adhered to the walls, the other is a little more rounded but partially adherent and mobile (outer). Since the inner meniscus is adhered to the surrounding environment, it is frequently injured in trauma and gives rapid symptoms, external meniscus tears are less common, but diagnosis is more difficult because it does not cause pain. Meniscus surgeries are performed with arthroscopic surgery today. Before arthroscopic surgery, meniscus structures were completely removed (meniscectomy). The counterpart of meniscectomy surgery in arthroscopic surgery is partial meniscectomy. In partial meniscectomy, only the tear area is removed, never the entire meniscus is touched. As the canal meniscus tissue continues to function, joint functions do not deteriorate, wear does not occur, and daily life is quickly returned. In arthroscopic meniscus surgery, if the tear is close to the capsule with high blood supply, it can be repaired with stitches. Meniscus transplantation (taken from another person, allograft) is possible in cases where the entire menicus is damaged or disappeared. When it comes to menicus surgery; Only the removal of the tear (partial meniscectomy) is performed. The procedure of removing the entire meniscus (total meniscectomy) is now abandoned. Arthroscopic meniscus repair means arthroscopic meniscus transplantation. What are the Meniscus Symptoms? In meniscus diseases, there are complaints such as pain, stuck and locking during joint movements. If the discomfort is due to trauma, swelling due to bleeding (hemarthrosis) may occur at first, and then swelling may occur due to the increase in joint fluid. While the temperature increase accompanies pain and swelling for the first time, the signs of inflammation disappear over time. Mechanical findings; stuttering and locking continues. Locking; the knee remains bent and cannot be opened. How is the meniscus diagnosed? Meniscus tears are detected by examination. MR imaging is very useful as a diagnostic method. Some meniscus tears may not signal on MRI when they sit in place, or tears close to the capsule we call peripheral may be missed. What is the Meniscus Treatment Process? The treatment of meniscus tears is surgery. It may be possible for peripheral meniscal tears to heal spontaneously with rest, but the rate of re-rupture is very high. When a tear is detected, arthroscopic surgery should be performed early, without causing abrasion due to friction in the joint. At Which Stage Is Meniscus Surgery Required? It should be done at the stage of meniscus tear. In this way, joint wear can be prevented, repairable tears are repaired within the first 72 hours, and the chance of recovery is much higher than neglected / delayed tears. What are the surgery options, how is it done, how long does it take? In joint surgery, removing or repairing the meniscus by arthroscopic method is the gold standard. Open surgery has been largely abandoned. How is the Recovery Process After the Surgery? After the operation, it is pressed immediately and full movement can be given. In meniscus repairs, it may be necessary to give partial weight with crutches or not to press for a while, depending on the strength of the suture material. Will It Repeat After Surgery? The remaining meniscus can rupture again. If the risks causing the tear are not eliminated, a new tear may develop. The area treated with arthroscopic surgery does not recur. How Much is the Surgery Fee? The cost of surgery depends on the type of surgery and the use of materials. Pricing is made according to the patient’s budget and the hospital class.

It is now possible to make a backup of our tissues to regenerate and heal yourself! While our body has the ability to heal and repair itself when it receives any injury, when this injury or damage occurs in tissues such as joints and muscles, we have little chance. However, with cellular therapy applied in a limited number of centers in Turkey, new cartilage can be transplanted to the patient by producing cartilage in the laboratory from the cartilage cell taken from the person himself. In reality, the cause of pain is nothing more than an early warning. It can occur with the contact of a needle to our skin to protect it from it. Sometimes it is too late, for example, when a decaying tooth causes pain, we may be too late. In the musculoskeletal system, pain may indicate a more severe situation, especially in the joints, rather than an early warning. Don’t say it hurts The improvement in tissues such as joint cartilage and muscle is almost nonexistent compared to the regenerative ability of our skin. Considering that pain is not a cause but a result, we can say that cartilage damage occurs with surface changes and decreased slipperiness as a result of poor healing. Joint attachment, restriction of movement and swelling are perceived as ordinary findings. However, the reason that damages the joint should be eliminated immediately, its recovery should be accelerated and its recurrence should be prevented. Today, it is very important to be active for a healthy life, joint health is the basic condition of being able to move without pain. So we must protect our joints and evaluate the chances of timely treatment. In case of joint damage due to rheumatic reasons, it is necessary to stop or reduce the cartilage damage. If it is caused by trauma, it must be repaired. Arthroscopy gold standard Meniscus repair, removal of tears, correction of cartilage surfaces are possible with Arthroscopy, which is known as the gold standard today. Replacing the cartilage is fraught with technical difficulties. The joint damaged by arthroscopy is largely ready to repair itself. Advanced arthroscopic surgery not only detects and fixes problems with high resolution cameras, but also enables cellular treatments. For science that succeeded in replicating a sheep with “cloning = gene copying” that has emerged from fantasy novels in the last two decades, it is not yet possible for every tissue to copy organs and tissues. Cartilage can be reproduced to some extent and used in cellular treatments. New cartilage from the lab If the patients undergoing cellular therapy meet the appropriate conditions during arthroscopy, the tissue sample is immediately taken and sent to the laboratory with a special carrier. Cells, whose suitability is tested in the laboratory, are put into production, made into tissues in a special carrier and made ready for transfer within 15 days. The treatment continues with the placement of the produced cartilage in the area where the cartilage is lost by re-operating the patients. This method, which is gradually spreading around the world, can be applied in selected centers in our country. Cellular treatments can be applied today to eliminate the consequences of diseases or traumas with complete cartilage loss on the joint surface. In superficial losses, instead of such treatments, arthroscopic applications are performed to increase the healing of the existing tissue. Arthroscopic examination is essential to determine the degree of cartilage loss and to determine the type of treatment. Since today’s advanced radiological imaging methods are not yet sufficient to determine the type of treatment, it is very difficult to understand without arthroscopy, even in patients selected for such treatment. This situation is a major disadvantage if patients refuse surgery as a treatment option. Who can receive cellular therapy in joint diseases? First of all, the person to be transferred must have full body functions that can heal himself. Cellular therapy applications to the elderly are limited compared to the young. In the area to be treated with cellular treatment, the disease should be terminated and sufficient nutrition should be available for the cells to heal to survive. The alignment and surface relationship of the joint should be intact, and cartilage losses should not be widespread. The subject is that the tissue to be transferred carries living cells capable of proliferation. The tissue must be undamaged and unaffected by the disease. In this respect, I think the difficulty of finding tissue that preserves vitality with the advancement of age will increase the importance of tissue banks. It can be an economical solution when tissues to be differentiated in stem cell banks are extremely expensive. The age limit can be accepted as 50 years on average when describing the healing capacity. If the loss of cartilage covers the entire surface, cellular therapy cannot be performed because its success decreases considerably. Surgical treatments are much more than the treatment of surface cells in people with active rheumatic disease and deformed joints. These treatments can range from therapies that change the center of gravity to prosthetic surgeries. In summary, stem cells are promising. In cellular treatments, tissue is obtained in two ways. The first method is to take a sample of the tissue and provide a suitable environment for proliferation. In this method, tissues that do not have the ability to reproduce, such as muscle and brain cells, cannot be produced. At the same time, it is not yet possible to produce some secreting specialized tissues and organs in this way. The production of cartilage by the second method “differentiation from stem cells” has become possible even in muscle tissues in highly specialized laboratories. Promising treatment is the way of using stem cells in treatment by differentiating them into tissues. Human-cloning production of human tissue is ethically prohibited worldwide. The scientific world continues its studies on the cloning of organs and establishing ethical foundations.

Failed Low Back Surgery Syndrome is generally omitted or neglected foraminal strictures. Correct diagnosis, correct surgical indication, good surgical technique and equipment are very important in order to minimize the occurrence of this syndrome. What is Failed Low Back Surgery Syndrome? The fact that the back problem has not been resolved even though it has been treated with revision surgery at least once, the conservative treatments for at least 6 months are insufficient or the patient is not satisfied. What are the Symptoms of Failed Low Back Surgery Syndrome? The recurrence of the previous complaints of the patient, does not decrease or increase at all. How Is It Diagnosed? The diagnosis of Failed Low Back Surgery is a multidisciplinary decision. Evaluating all the pre-treatment examinations of the patient together with the physicians who treat other disciplines makes it easier to reach the correct diagnosis. Patient compliance is required. In order to find the source of pain, the target should be determined well with temporary injection treatments. How Is It Treated? If it is thought that the problem in the treatment is caused by the methods used in the old treatment, for example, if there is an infection and implant failure, this situation should be resolved first. It is possible to remove or renew the implant. It is appropriate to avoid a new open surgery in the minimally invasive approach. Often omitted or neglected foramen nerve compression is emphasized. After determining the target and level, the cause of pain is removed with foraminoscopy. How Long Does Endoscopic Surgery Take? Endoscopic surgery can take 1-2 hours. Although the optimal time is 30-45 minutes, it increases the time to differentiate the nerve tissues due to the intervention of the anatomy deformed tissues. What is the Recovery Process After the Surgery? In the procedures performed under local anesthesia, we confirm that the pain has passed on the operating table. The patient can get off the table without pain. However, under general anesthesia, we remove the patients after eating 4 hours after the effect of anesthesia is over. The painful process can mimic the old in the inflammatory phase after 72 hours. Similar pain occurs in the first ten days, but gradually decreases. When the exercises are started 3 weeks after the operation, new pain may develop. Due to the pain, coping with neuropathic symptoms or even psychological support may be required. Mesotherapy-acupuncture helps the physical therapy process. Although this situation is not seen in some patients, both patient groups start to work to regain their belief in the treatment in a few months. Patients should be returned to normal life within 6 months. The problem is completely resolved in the following months and 2 years. How Much is the Surgery Fee? It is determined according to the hospital and patient budget.

The knee joint is the joint where the center of gravity transfers the most complex load during the walking action and is the joint of the movement system that is most exposed to forces from different directions. In the distal of the femur, articulation of the condylar structure with the plateau structure in the proximal of the tibia creates a composite joint structure with cartilage and ligament structures that provide congurency and stability. It should be well known that the knee joint is more than a simple hinge-like biomechanics, as it is thought, but a complex joint system that manages opposing vectors to create motion by changing its axis with rotation during flexion. Surgical procedures or conservative orthotic treatments performed by ignoring knee biomechanics; When combined with misdiagnosis, it causes injury to healthy structures by being under more load, progressing of the disease and decreasing patient satisfaction. Anatomy Osteologically, it consists of the femur, patella, and tibia. The femur provides the hip joint connection and the tibia provides the ankle-foot connection. In gait mechanics, knee loads and the position of the knee, femur/tibia axes, mechanical axis relationship and alignment disorders change the loading forces in the knee joint. There is a 5-7 degree varus angulation between the femoral axis and the mechanical axis. Our mechanical axis is transferred to the ground by two axes of force thought to pass through both hips. This axis continues along the tibial axis just in front of the anterior cruciate ligament attachment in the anteromedial of the knee, passes through the middle of the talus from the ankle and is transferred to the ground at the calcaneus, first and fifth metatarsal heads via the plantar arch. With the increase in the angle of the femur axis with the mechanical axis, the approach of the femurdistal to the midline leads to the “varus deformity” genu varum. The mechanical axis shifts laterally, and excessive tension of the medial structures due to balancing in knee joint mechanics causes the external rupture to be under severe axial loads. The decrease in the angle of the femoral axis and its outward angulation causes the mechanical axis to remain medial to the knee, this is a valgus deformity, called “genu valgum”. The knee joint is of the sino-arthroidal joint type. Rotation, abduction and adduction movements are restricted in its structure designed for movement in the flexion-extension direction. It consists of three compartments and two joints. The patella femoral joint is between the femoral groove and patella facets in the axial direction, it forms the patellafemoral compartment, its movement is up and down (Figure-4). The tibiofemoral joint consists of two compartments; participates in the medial and lateral femoral condyles, meniscal structures and cruciate ligaments involved in flexion, extension and restricted rotation movements. During the hinge movement, the knee axis rotates internally and completes its movement with a multi-axis rotational movement. The range of motion is 120-140 degrees of flexion, 0-5 degrees of extension, and 5-15 degrees of internal rotation during flexion. During flexion, the tibia balances internal rotation with translation. The relationship of the patella femoral joint with the mechanical axis is defined by the Q angle (figure-5). The 12-15 degree angulation between the patellar tendon and the mechanical axis is a very important feature that provides the mechanical stability of the vastus joint tendon-femoral groove and patellar facet and provides knee-hip compensation in gait mechanics. Dynamic-varus-valgus movements provide abduction-adduction-type sitting and range of motion that allows twist movement during squatting and rising. The normal alignment of the knee is 2-3 degrees varus from the mechanical axis. The kinematic axis, on the other hand, is different in flexion and extension and may have individual characteristics depending on the femur/tibia location. With gait analysis or robotic system tests, the external rotation rate of the femur and the relationship of the tibia can be determined. The ligamentous structure of the knee forms the intra-articular ligaments and lateral ligaments and the popliteus complex posterolaterally. Crosslinks resist translational forces as well as rotational stability. The posterolateral complex is strong enough to serve as a pivot as the strongest fulcrum of the knee, which includes the popliteus, lateral meniscus, and the head of the fibula. The structures that stabilize the knee during loading are the collateral ligaments associated with the capsule, the pes anserunus adductor complex in the media, and the iliotibial band structures in the lateral. Looking at the structures that balance the internal and external vectors on the knee joint of an athlete in the squat position, it will be understood that the knee joint has an extremely complex load distribution. The extensor structures and the hamstring muscles that meet it provide the stability of the knee. SEQUENCE PROBLEMS In lower extremity alignment disorders, varus-valgus in the anterior background, recurvatum and flexion deformities in the sagittal plane Genu varum, also known as “That leg” deformity, is mostly based on disorders such as rickets. However, the result of knee osteoarthritis accompanying rotational alignment disorders can also develop in advanced ages. The body center of gravity has been displaced medially and the knee motion axis has lost its parallelism to the ground plane, causing wear. Inner wedge shoes and medial supported knee pads can regulate the patient’s gait even though they do not change the alignment. It should be known that the medial support cannot meet the forces if the continuous use of knee brace causes the lateral supporting muscle groups to atrophy. The alignment can be surgically corrected with tibial osteotomy, which is elevated according to its severity, and femoral osteotomy in advanced mechanical axis impairment. In the genu valgum or “X-crooked leg” deformity, the center of gravity has shifted laterally in the tibia valgus. As the medial structures try to meet the weight vectors, a tendency to excessive wear occurs in the lateral. The leg is in internal rotation. The lateral load is tried to be transferred to the medial with outer wedge shoes, but it is difficult to provide stability with the knee brace as in the genu varum and often requires surgical treatment. KNEE INSTABILITIES The stability of the knee depends on the geometric structure, the weight distribution with the alignment, and the strength of the capsule, ligament, and muscle structures corresponding to it. We can divide these open stabilizers into two: Static: Capsular, capsular ligaments and extracapsular ligaments Dynamic stabilizers: Musculotendinous units (pes anserinus, iliotibial band, patella tendon, hamstrigs, politeus complex, gastrocnemius) In this respect, we can classically examine knee instability in 3 main groups: Unidirectional instabilities; Medial, Lateral Posterior and anterior rotational instabilities; Anteromedial, Anterolateral (flexion and extension type) Posteromendial and posterolateral Combined or Complex instabilities Patellafemoral instabilities Orthotic treatments are used in cases where surgery is not required and to support the healing of tissues repaired after surgery. In this respect, bands and supports and knee pads are designed to resist the vectors encountered by the ligament structures. Choosing the right knee brace is essential in both surgical and conservative treatments. While the treatment is being organized, knee pads that are rigid enough to cause muscle atrophy will usually be used in the first weeks and will be replaced by soft knee pads that feel the impact effect. Likewise, after surgical treatment, the physician may prefer different knee brace options during the rehabilitation phase of the treatment. In this respect, working in harmony with the physician will increase the success of the treatment. AMPUTS Amputations of the knee joint can be done at three different levels; above the knee, disarticulation, below the knee. Since the knee joint is preserved and adductor and lateral stabilization can be achieved in below-knee amputations, prosthesis application is extremely successful. It is easy for the patient to adapt without training. Since the knee joint is completely lost in above-knee amputations, a certain period of training may be required, although compliance with dynamic prostheses with special joints can be achieved very well to ensure weight transfer in the thigh and lower extremity on the prosthesis. Preparing the patient to walk requires more strength. Disarticulation can be performed to allow extremity elongation, which is especially preferred in children of growing age. Requires fairly good stump closure experience. A good surgeon can create a soft tissue-muscle balance that will provide a weight distribution as successful as below-knee amputation. The adaptation process of the patients can be accelerated with education. If the prosthesis application after amputation is not a new generation prosthesis augmented to the bone, we can schedule it in two ways: Immediate during surgery After the postoperative wound has healed Immediate prosthesis application is done with a specially designed foot placed on the plaster with stump care every three days. The orthotic team must be present during the surgery for this prosthesis application, which enables the patient to be mobilized early and considerably reduces the postoperative orbit. In follow-up wound care, the plaster is reapplied each time. Excellent results have been reported in terms of stump development and compliance. A good amputation surgery, appropriate stump flaps, osteomyoplasty and adequate soft tissue support will facilitate prosthesis application. If the nerves are sufficiently deep during amputation so as not to form a neuroma, the success of the practitioner will increase with painless manipulations. RESULT The knee is always open to problems in terms of the load it carries as a large and complex joint. When problem-oriented personal data (alignment, joint and bone compatibility, footprint, gait analysis) are collected well in knee diseases, the source of the problem can be reached and patient satisfaction can be maximized. In this respect, it is very valuable for orthopedic and prosthetic orthotics laboratories to work in harmony in this direction.

Before giving information about Shoulder Arthroscopy, let's get to know SHOULDER: It is the largest and most mobile joint of our body after the shoulder, hip and knee. Although it does not bear the weight of our body, the joints that we load the most and have the greatest range of motion make it susceptible to injuries despite being supported by strong muscle structures around its surroundings. We may run into unexpected problems when we are not used to carrying a simple market bag, flicking a carpet or hanging curtains. In sports such as throwing, basketball, volleyball, handball, gymnastics and mountaineering, our shoulders have to respond to repetitive loads. Shoulder problems are more common in occupational groups who use their hands, especially those who have to work over the shoulder or hanging, dyeing, collecting, and using tools such as drills and impact rammers. The shoulder joint simply joins the head of the shoulder and the glenoid, which is a flat surface that meets it. The separation of this joint is possible when the two structures create a negative pressure in the joint; Labrum and joint capsule ... The labrum looks like it will clamp the flat structure of the glenoid like a gasket and grasp the head like a suction cup. However, it does not exceed 10-15 mm. The joint capsule complements this structure by wrapping the joint with its strong ligament structures and creating an airless vacuum effect. And here the muscular structures surrounding the shoulder also serve as support. When we classify shoulder problems in the simplest sense, two main reasons come to the fore: Stability problems (shoulder dislocation, labrum tears, SLAP, Biceps separation), Muscle and cartilage problems. Stability problems; are conditions that occur with an injury to the joint capsule. Recurrent shoulder dislocations; SLAP and other labrum tears that cause painful shoulder movements and weakness. Over time, they can cause the cartilage to wear out, and may combine with other problems, or even reveal muscle tears. Muscle tears can occur in the shoulder support as sharing loads increase. Cartilage problems; It will occur when the limits of motion are strained on the mechanically unstable shoulder. Apart from this, rheumatic diseases, infection or tumors can be shown as the cause of arthrosis. Muscle tears can also be caused by direct trauma, and often develop as a result of impingement syndrome (impingement syndrome), which occurs with excessive and improper use of the shoulder. This situation, which manifests itself with pain from time to time over the decades, may require decompression surgeries (acromioplasty), which may require repair of muscle tears in advanced stages. Arthroscopic surgical treatment of shoulder diseases can be classified into these two conditions simply. Ensuring stability (capsule and labrum repair), repairing muscle and cartilage structures and preventing injury ... Shoulder Arthroscopy Shoulder arthroscopy has become a gold standard treatment compared to open surgery. Especially in the treatment of shoulder dislocation that requires labrum repair, a new injury is not possible since postoperative fixation is not required. For this reason, the patient's return to his daily life happens faster. With the arthroscopic treatment of shoulder dislocation, the person returns to daily life immediately. A professional athlete can return to sports life gradually within 6 weeks. It is possible for the athlete to return to the team in the same season with a controlled rehabilitation. If the acromioplasty we apply in shoulder impingement syndrome is performed with open surgery, it does not require a plaster cast and the muscle tear is repaired. The results of arthroscopic acromioplasty and rotator sheath repair are excellent. When there are large tears or large defects, the tear is repaired with mini arthrotomy, again with optical assistance. Each physician empathizes while treating and asks himself which treatment he would prefer for him in the same situation. My preference is shoulder arthroscopy with peace of mind. Thanks to all of my colleagues who chose the best treatment methods for our patients and worked to spread these treatments. "How do we protect our shoulder health?" I will share my article titled as soon as possible. Stay healthy ...

The solution for the treatment-resistant tennis elbow is arthroscopic release and epicondyle debridement. Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) is the result of the strain that occurs at the attachment of the combined tendon to the bone of the muscles that provide grip strength to the hand and fingers. The scar tissue formed in the healing of bone, tendon and bone tendon junction damage caused by this strain may be the cause of chronic pain. In non-surgical solutions, measures are taken to transform the scar tissue into normal tissue as much as possible. When these measures were insufficient, the chronic painful process that we call “enthesopathy” started. In the second stage, more invasive methods, steroids, sound waves, mesotherapy, prolotherapy begin to break down the scar tissue. When these treatments are insufficient, the surgical methods used may require the anatomy to be changed without return. Anatomical structures are preserved in arthroscopic surgery. The knuckle-tendon junction formed directly by the scar tissue is monitored, the excess is removed and the tissues are stimulated so that re-healing and repair will occur.

What is Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF)? He knows that the cells obtained after liposuction (lipoaspirate), which is popularly known as a stem cell source, have rejuvenating (regenerative) properties. A cellular product SVF obtained by the isolation of these cells does not only contain fat cells. It is the direct application of the 100 cc fat layer taken from the patient or following the liposuction operation immediately to the patient. Adipose tissue does not cause tissue rejection in autologous use. In this respect, it is an easily accessible cellular regeneration product. The difference from PRP obtained from blood is that it contains cells that are not yet differentiated from the main cell, but differentiated from the mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow cell and capable of transforming into any connective tissue. In this respect, although not as much as stem cells, it contains cells that are more prone to direct transformation into fiborsite in the joint, forming cartilage-like tissue. It is not possible for SVF cells to turn into phantom cartilage cells. The cartilage cell can only be produced from the main stem cell under laboratory conditions with special stimulants. Such laboratories cannot operate without a government permit, and yet there are very few centers of this nature working on an experimental, legal basis. In this respect, SVF is not a form of stem cell treatment like PRP.

Our hand consists of tens of joints whose function is extremely complex. We evaluate the problems of each joint separately. Problems specific to the hand 1.Tendon jams (trigger finger) ruptures (hammer finger, buttonhole deformity, swan neck) 2.Nerve compression (carpal and ulnar) 3. Fascia contractures (dupuytren) It can be solved with minor surgical interventions.

I've been tennis elbow!; The lateral epicondyle is the bone protrusion to which the forearm muscles collectively adhere to the tennis elbow. It can be damaged in daily life with forceful movements such as heavy lifting and pushing. Injury can cause muscle level tears, tendon level separation and rupture. Recovery is homogeneous at this level and chronicity is rare. Tendon is a fragile structure with an intermediate fibrous structure in favor of neither tendon nor bone healing in injuries at the junction of the bone. This structure tears and heals again and again even with simple loads. This growing healing tissue is now the main cause of pain and can only be removed by surgery. I Became a Tennis Elbow! This discomfort mechanism is the skeletal problem called "enthesopathy" that occurs in all bone tendon junctions. It is possible to eliminate tennis elbow enthesopathy by surgery. Previously, in open surgery, the trauma created to reach the region created a new healing tissue, and the tendon was cut instead of the repair. This situation would cause loss of function and weakness. Today, with elbow arthroscopy, we can directly reach and remove the scar tissue without cutting any muscle. With elbow arthroscopy, the treatment-resistant tennis elbow is eliminated. It does not require a plaster cast and the pain will disappear in a short time.

What are Knee Replacement Surgeries? Knee Replacement Surgery,In short, it is the modification of the joint surface. Prosthesis is the material that replaces lost joint surfaces. It can be applied to people who have completely lost the joint surface, have painful joints (knee pain), and whose movements are restricted to a certain level. If the movement is too restricted, it cannot be applied. There is no age limit, it can be applied to anyone with these complaints. Surgery can be performed on patients with knee pain regardless of age and weight. Losing weight reduces the load on the joints, and in this case, the life of the prosthesis is also prolonged. If the joint has completely lost its function, knee replacement surgeries (resurfacing surgeries) are one of the important operations we have. How long is the Knee Replacement Surgery? The duration of a joint surgery is approximately one hour. Two joint surgeries can be performed at the same time. Two knee surgeries can be performed in one and a half to two hours. Anesthesia is applied depending on the patient's preference. How long is the recovery period after Knee Replacement Surgery? Minimally invasive surgeries are an important factor in increasing the healing process and causing less damage. The surgery is performed at the muscle joints, the areas we call cleavage. Surgeries performed in this way provide faster recovery. The patient will be able to stand up and press the next day. Since the healing process is very fast, the patient can feel better and return to his normal life in 1 week, more painlessly.

Before giving information about Shoulder Rotator Muscle Tear Treatment, let's answer the question "What is a Rotator Muscle Tear". What is a Shoulder Rotator Tear? It is a tear of the rotator muscles of the shoulder. The outer rotator muscle group is mostly torn. While it occurs due to eccentric strain in athletes, even housewives who have never done sports, the tear can progress after shoulder impingement syndrome. In fact, the main factor that causes the impingement syndrome is the inflammatory reaction that develops as a result of the failure to repair the muscle tear in a timely manner. How is Shoulder Rotator Tear Treatment Performed? Arthroscopic surgery is the gold standard. Most muscle tears are removed by arthroscopy, which is a closed surgery. Arthroscopy is preferred even in full-thickness complete tears with large muscle defects or excessive muscle retraction, rarely when grafting is required, semi-open surgery may be required. In Which Situations Is Arthroscopy Preferred? Surgical repair is required in cases of shoulder pain, limitation of movement, loss of function and strength. How is Shoulder Rotator Tear Arthroscopy Performed? It is standard shoulder arthroscopy. In tears that occur after shoulder compression, the sharp bone ends that cause muscle tears, which we call acromioplasty, are firstly leveled. Subsequently, the tear is refreshed and the rupture area is reattached to the bone and the suture is completed. Midline intramuscular tears are closed with special stitches. If a patch needs to be placed in large muscle defects, rarely, the skin can be opened to place the patch (semi-open technique-mini open). How Long Does Arthroscopy Take? 30-60 minutes. takes. The arthroscopy time may vary depending on the technique and the size of the tear What Should the Patient Do Before Arthroscopy? Apart from the preoperative preparation, information is given directly. What is the Recovery Process After the Surgery? Shoulder fixation is applied to protect the stitches in muscle repairs. Active movements are not allowed for 3-6 weeks. Passive assisted shoulder exercises, which we call pillow exercises, are started immediately in order to prevent the joint from freezing. According to the resistance of the sutures, pendular exercise is started after surgery according to the surgeon's decision. Physical therapy is extremely important. As of the sixth week, fixation can be terminated with intensive exercises and return to daily life. The return to sports for professional athletes is in the 3rd month, it can be extended to the 6th month with special training. Will It Repeat After Surgery? Degenerative tears can rarely recur without trauma after a good healing. This is very difficult, except in the case of a person with muscle and nutritional weaknesses. Traumatic muscle tears can rarely cause problems in the same place after a good repair and healing process. With the new trauma, injuries may occur in all kinds of limit strain. This condition usually has nothing to do with treatment. How Much is the Surgery Fee? The surgery fee is arranged according to the patient's budget.

What is the Treatment Process for Neck Hernia? In the treatment of hernia, the patient's complaints usually disappear with rest, medication and physiotherapy. First of all, rest and medication is given. Prolonged bed rest, recurrent pain injections into the disc, laser / radio frequency / plasma disc ablation treatment can be applied in closed-contained hernias. Applications such as pain treatment and mesotherapy can be applied in chronic pain that has become a vicious circle. If all these treatments fail, surgery is planned. At Which Stage Is Surgery Required For Cervical Hernia? Surgical treatment is planned in cases of recurrent neck pain, the need for rest affecting daily life, numbness that does not decrease with treatment, pain and loss of strength, sudden complete loss of strength and paralysis. What Are The Options Of Cervical Hernia Surgery - How Is It Done - How Long Does It Take? Open surgery can be applied from the anterior and posterior. Open surgical options can be simple disc removal, removal of the entire disc and replacing it with a prosthesis or freezing that segment (fusion). Minimally invasive surgical options include closed endoscopic surgeries as well as laser - radio frequency applications applied into the disc. Disc tip applications can be done if the wall is intact (contained disc), endoscopic discectomy can be applied from the anterior or posterior. The surgery performed from the back is less invasive than the minimally invasive surgery, and the disc is reached by opening a small hole in the bone. In the anterior endoscopic surgery, the disc fragment is directly reached and removed, and no tissue is damaged. Neck hernia surgery takes an average of 45-60 minutes. takes. What is the Recovery Process After Cervical Hernia Surgery? If the type of surgery is minimally invasive, our patient is immediately mobilized and no neck collar is given. Returning to daily life is very fast. Depending on the type of open surgery, the duration of the neck brace, mobilization and return to work criteria vary. Will It Recur Again After Surgery? When the disc tissue is removed in surgeries such as fusion and prosthesis, the repetition of the complaints is not a recurrence of the hernia. Since the disc is protected in closed surgeries, re-herniation may only be possible in cases where the doctor's recommendations are not followed. How Much Does Neck Hernia Surgery Cost? It varies according to the hospital and packages selected according to the patient's budget.